Sclerosing mesenteritis by Mycobacterium Genavense mimicking a lymphoproliferative syndrome: The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT

Abstract

A 39-year-old man with HIV presented fever, hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric and retroperitoneal enlarged lymph nodes in abdominal CT (Fig. 1a,b), so a lymphoproliferative syndrome was suspected. Therefore a 18F-FDG PET/CT (Fig. 1c) was requested to assess the initial staging and to locate the most accessible adenopathy for biopsy, revealing high uptake of FDG in mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow involvement, and normometabolic hepatomegaly. The biopsy of mesenteric adenopathies excluded lymphoma and confirmed the diagnosis of Mycobacterium Genavense (MG) infection.