Abstract
The Compton scattering of gamma rays is commonly detected using two detector layers, the first for detection of the recoil electron and the second for the scattered gamma. We have assembled detector modules consisting of scintillation pixels, which are able to detect and reconstruct the Compton scattering of gammas with only one readout layer. This substantially reduces the number of electronic channels and opens the possibility to construct cost-efficient Compton scattering detectors for various applications such as medical imaging, environment monitoring, or fundamental research. A module consists of a 4 × 4 matrix of lutetium fine silicate scintillators and is read out by a matching silicon photomultiplier array. Two modules have been tested with a 22 Na source in coincidence mode, and the performance in the detection of 511 keV gamma Compton scattering has been evaluated. The results show that Compton events can be clearly distinguished with a mean energy resolution of 12.2% ± 0.7% in a module and a coincidence time resolution of 0.56 ± 0.02 ns between the two modules.
Highlights
Compton scattering is a well-known process in which an incoming gamma ray is interacting with an electron, leaving a scattered gamma and a recoil electron in the final state
Each module consists of a 4 × 4 array of Lutetium Fine Silicate (LFS) scintillator pixels produced by Zecotec Inc. (Figure 1), read out by a matching array of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) produced by Hamamatsu (Model S13361-3050AE-04)
We have presented the performance of the single-layer scintillator pixel detectors, demonstrating that it is possible to detect Compton scattered gamma particles with energy and timing resolutions comparable to those achieved in photo-electric absorption, while it is possible to reconstruct the direction of the scattered gammas
Summary
Compton scattering is a well-known process in which an incoming gamma ray is interacting with an electron, leaving a scattered gamma and a recoil electron in the final state. To detect and to reconstruct the Compton scattering fully, one needs position- and energy-sensitive detectors. A common method of detection and reconstruction of gamma Compton scattering is to use two detector layers, the first for measurement of energy and the location of the recoil electron and the second for measuring the energy and absorption location of the scattered gamma, e.g., [4,5,6,7,8]. Several developments optimized for astrophysics observations use single detector layers to measure gamma ray polarization via Compton scattering [9,10], but a single-layer system PET system exploiting the gamma polarization has not been experimentally realized
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