Scientific-technical progress and transport as essential factors of territorial organization of building-industrial complexes

Abstract

Industrialization calls significant changes into traditional methods of building and precondition the transfer of some portion of the process of building from building sites to steady-state plant conditions. It is now due to assemblable parts, prefabricated structures and plant production of ready-to-use oversize blocks and parts that that the scope of works on building sites is essentially resuced. The process of building is characteristic for different forms of its organization that manifests itself in specialization, concentration, cooperation and combination. Development of these forms results in deeper specialization of labor, as well as in deepening of sectoral and technological specialization supported by transport means. A scope of building and assembly within specific territory leads to concentration of big number of building organizations. Concentration of building-related companies and organizations predefines the necessity of coordination of their efforts. The speed of construction requires still deeper specialization. The stage-based process of building rooted in by the technologies requires strict organization between inter-unit attachments that produce building materials, parts and constructions, and those that build. The pre-planned organization between the participants of the process of building is reached by way of cooperation. Coordination of the scope of building between the companies and organizations is executed by the general contraction organization that is responsible for the whole construction. Cooperation of contracting and subcontracting general building and special organizations is helpful in such coordination and timely completion of works. It is due to transport that cooperation involves local and remote companies and organizations. In the aspect of territory, these companies and organizations form district inter-district, regional, inter-regional, and international links that make up the basis for the formation of building-industrial complexes. Development of the levels and forms of territorial organization of building-industrial complexes depends on the scope of building, natural and economic specificities of the area, and the level of provision with material-technical and industrial-material bases, etc. Carpathian administrative oblasts are the territories with sufficiently developed material-technical and industrial-material bases. This means that they possess highly qualified staff and may use the systems of special highly productive building machines and mechanisms, implement automation of some technological operations, and, with well-organized transport system, therefore improve territorial forms of the process of building. Transport within the system of productions in building industry has internal and external functions. The internal function of transport lies in provision of technological processes of building (technological transport). The material-technical basis of this kind of transport is predominantly concentrated in building-related companies and organizations. The external function is performed by transport means that provide the process of building with necessary material resources. It is, as a rule, the transport of different companies and organizations that specialize in distant transportations. Their material base has no relation to the same of the building industry. The level of development of internal transport depends on equipment status of building companies and organizations, and building technological achievements on the level of country and some of its regions. The level of development of external transport is provided by the level of development of the whole transport system of the state and its each separate region in particular. In both cases, transport represents an important factor that effects on the formation of building-industrial complexes of every level of development. The division into internal and external transport is conventional, since each of them can perform both functions. The work of the transport system significantly depends on the development of transport network, which is too far in Ukraine from the present-day world standards. However, the transport means themselves used in this country are in the majority of cases the production of known world companies. Geographical disposition and specificities of economic development have predefined the formation of practically all types of transport on the territory of Ukraine. Railway and automobile transport are the leading types in all economic rayons of the country, while pipeline, water and air kinds of transport are well developed in some other rayons. The total length of public road network in Ukraine was 169,5 thousand km in 2019, railway lines – 22,0 thousand km, river navigable waterways – 2,3 thousand km. Automobile roads and railway constitute the basis of the transport network in the Carpathian oblasts. The highest density of roads is found in the Lviv Oblast (over 60 km/1000 km2. The best provision with auto-roads is observed in the Chernivtsi and the Lviv oblasts. It is only natural that mountain regions suffer from worse provision with communications than those in plain and pre-mountain territories. Automobile and railway transport play the key role in provision of the process of building.