Scientific Research and Ethical Principles: Contemporary Debates

Abstract

This article addresses debates surrounding ethical issues and dilemmas faced by scientists conducting research with human participants. Through the analysis of different stories of abuse, the research shows how ethical principles, codes, guidelines, and organizations emerged. Although various ethical rules and guidelines provide significant recommendations today, controversies in research and practice remain. In addition, the increasing process of formalizing ethical principles is causing concern among researchers. A critique of the processes of bureaucratization in the field of ethical regulation of research and practice is presented using the example of Canadian experience. Drawing on various ethical codes and recommendations, current principles for ethical research involving human subjects are identified. Risks are discussed, including those related to social sciences. The literature review demonstrates which issues are becoming more pressing today and how professional practitioners face ethical dilemmas and risks. It is concluded that the complex dilemmas that arise in research practices require interdisciplinary discussions and the introduction of research ethics courses in various academic and other institutions. Good professional practice in resolving ethical dilemmas should be taken into account when developing and improving one's own national guidelines and codes. We believe the article will contribute to broadening discussions about research ethics and professional practice.