Abstract
In less than a century of its existence Saudi Arabia has developed from mass illiteracy and lack of education of its population into the current state of complex structure of educational and research institutions and organizations equipped with most modern and advanced technologies and top world specialists in accordance with the highest international standards. It is especially important that the Kingdom has managed to achieve such success in no time. Until lately scientifi c development in Saudi Arabia was mostly concentrated on applied research, especially in the Kingdom’s key economic sphere – energy. Despite the country’s abundant financial resources, science was considerably underfunded and lacked any development strategy. Meanwhile, in the last 15 years the Saudi Kingdom has made a huge leap in scientifi c development with a clear action plan worked out, a solid structure of scientifi c institutes formed and the world experience effi ciently used. The success came with the Saudi authorities’ realization of the importance of scientifi c and technical progress both for the national economy and political positions of the state in the region and in the world. The article aims to analyze the scientifi c policy of Saudi Arabia on the stage of its birth and in the current state by means of studying offi cial documents, statistics and the existing institutes in the scientifi c system of the Kingdom. The author concludes that the key features of the Saudi scientifi c policy are prevailing role of the state, priority of applied over fundamental research and internalization with serious dependency on foreign support in the absence of a national scientifi c tradition.
Highlights
less than a century of its existence Saudi Arabia has developed from mass illiteracy and lack of education
It is especially important that the Kingdom has managed to achieve such success
Until lately scientific development in Saudi Arabia was mostly concentrated on applied research
Summary
Информация о статье: Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 21 января 2016 г. До недавнего времени развитие науки в Саудовской Аравии было в значительной степени ориентировано на прикладные исследования в основной для экономики Королевства области – в энергетике. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что ключевыми характеристиками саудовской научной политики сегодня являются доминирующая роль государства, приоритет прикладных исследований над фундаментальными и интернациональность при заметной зависимости от международного сотрудничества в условиях отсутствия собственной национальной научной традиции. Развитие науки стимулируется руководством Королевства посредством создания самостоятельных научных центров и исследовательских лабораторий при университетах, увеличения государственных расходов в этой области и поощрения вложений со стороны саудовского бизнеса, а также привлечения зарубежного опыта, кадров и инвестиций. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ГЕОПОЛИТИКА иностранных кадров и опыта в отсутствие собственной научной традиции и сохранением приоритетности прикладных исследований, направленных на нужды развития саудовской экономики
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