Abstract
Hydrogen is endowed with excellent physical and chemical properties, like its very high calorific value (three times higher than that of gasoline). With increasing gasoline and gas prices and diminishing fossil fuel reserves, hydrogen is emerging as a clean and renewable alternative energy source. The political and industrial worlds are beginning to see hydrogen as one of the fuels of the future. Several hydrogen production solutions exist, all based on artificial processes, which themselves require energy. Currently, 96 % of hydrogen is produced by thermochemical processes (48 % by natural gas reforming, 30 % by hydrocarbon reforming and 18 % by carbon gasification) and the remaining 4 % by water electrolysis. These processes require the use of fossil fuels (with CO2 production); their cost therefore directly depends on oil prices.
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