Abstract
The Meconial Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a complication caused by the presence of meconium amniotic fluid with consequent aspiration, being responsible for important rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the bibliographical production on newborn care with meconium elimination in the delivery room. It was a literature integrative review electronically based. Most of the studies referred to tracheal intubation and exogenous surfactant ministration as main care methods. The Meconium Aspiration Syndrome is presented as main theme. It is understood that health care professionals must develop knowledge, skills and actions, showing conduct based on scientific, critical and reflexive knowledge with purposeful interventions directed to the patient’s needs.
Highlights
Meconium is the newborn’s first evacuation that can be recognized for his color dark green or black and the lack of odor [1]
Multicenter studies indicate the discontinuation of the practice of secretion aspiration in the intrapartum period, as this procedure does not decrease the frequency of Meconial Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) [20] [21]
The results showed that one third of the NBs needed a repeat dose, 18% showed a significant improvement in gas exchange, 44% showed little or no response, plus only two NBs needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy
Summary
Meconium is the newborn’s first evacuation that can be recognized for his color dark green or black and the lack of odor [1]. In cases of hypoxia or presence of perinatal infection, a probable cause may be due to the elimination of intrauterine meconium, being dispersed in the amniotic fluid in greater concentration and quantity, favoring aspiration by the fetus [4]. This aspiration of meconium amniotic fluid is facilitated if the fetus presents forced respiratory movements, causing airway obstruction, interference with gas exchange and severe breathing difficulties, which may develop meconium aspiration syndrome. If there is elimination or thickening of meconium during labor, the chances of the newborn developing complications are doubled [4] [5]
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