Scientific basis of creating hybrid drives to increase the energy efficiency of road construction machines

Abstract

Problem. Possibilities for improving construction and road machines were explored, an analysis of existing publications was conducted to develop a theory for energy-efficient machine design using hybrid drives for working mechanisms and engines. Comparative tables were provided to show the energy distribution and consumption of different machines during operation. In order to improve fuel efficiency, environmental sustainability, and reliability of machines, a classification of methods for increasing the efficiency of construction and road machines was proposed, taking into account existing and prospective methods. Goal. The objective of the research is to develop a concept for creating energy-efficient construction and road machines with hybrid drives for working mechanisms and engines, which will be based on existing and prospective methods for increasing fuel efficiency, environmental sustainability, and machine reliability. Methodology. The issue of increasing the energy efficiency of machine operation is very important and relevant. This is due to the need to reduce fuel costs and minimize the negative impact on the environment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to clearly classify the ways of improving the efficiency of basic machine components, including the engine, transmission, braking system, and other components. Results. The prerequisites for developing the concept of energy-efficient construction and road machines have been outlined, including the development of hybrid drives for working tools and engines, taking into account modern and promising methods of increasing fuel efficiency, ecological sustainability, and machine reliability. Practical value. All the improvements mentioned contribute to achieving the nominal power values used to perform useful work and overcome resistive forces, the magnitude of which characterizes the energy intensity of the process and its economic component. Using only a technical criterion is not effective for justifying the limiting values of drive and engine energy consumption, due to the instantaneous and insignificant change of the entire set of indicators depending on the load modes and duration of the working cycle process. Since the efficiency of the hydraulic drive depends on numerous factors and affects the durability of drive elements, the allowable minimum efficiency can be determined by applying economic criteria.