Scientific and methodological basis for ensuring the quality of forensic medical examination of mechanical injury

Abstract

Introduction. Mechanical injury is the most common cause of violent death in the world, including in Russia. The purpose of the study is to analyze scientific, methodological literature and regulatory documents to assess the possibility of using them in substantiating the expert’s conclusions. Materials and methods. 85 sources were selected for the scientific review over a period of 26 years, bibliographic databases PubMed, ResearchGate, Elibrary were used. Results and discussion. The patterns of formation and experience of injuries do not change, this allows us to use the results of scientific, methodological and practical activities in forensic traumatology at the present time: methods for describing injuries to the integumentary tissues of a corpse and clothing, rules for the formulation of a forensic medical diagnosis, algorithms for drawing expert conclusions, a comprehensive assessment of biomechanics and characteristics of the main morphological substrates of traumatic brain injury, established patterns of destruction of skeletal bones under various types of mechanical impact, the results of a study of the pathomorphology of internal organs, classification and features of human injury by predatory animals, provisions on the interaction of sharp objects with various tissues from the point of view of injury biomechanics and substantiation of morphological manifestations of injury mechanisms, methodology for solving expert issues of gunshot wounds and explosive trauma, scientifically based morphological criteria for direct causes of death and features of thanatogenesis in mechanical injury, medical essence of qualifying signs of harm to health and threatening the lives of states at different time intervals after causing damage. The prospect of CT studies as one of the types of long-lasting objective physical evidence has been determined for forensic medical examination. Conclusion. The study shows that the use of scientific data and methodological works makes it possible in each case of fatal mechanical injury to qualitatively substantiate and argue forensic expert conclusions. The results of clinical diagnostics are evidence in criminal and civil cases, can be preserved for any time period, which determines the prospect of scientific research on the use of clinical diagnostic methods for forensic medical examination.