Abstract
The primary scientific goal of neutrino telescopes is the detection and study of cosmic neutrino signals. However, the range of physics topics that these instruments can tackle is exceedingly wide and diverse. Neutrinos coming from outside the Earth, in association with other messengers, can contribute to clarify the question of the mechanisms that power the astrophysical accelerators which are known to exist from the observation of high-energy cosmic and gamma rays. Cosmic neutrinos can also be used to bring relevant information about the nature of dark matter, to study the intrinsic properties of neutrinos and to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. Likewise, atmospheric neutrinos can be used to study an ample variety of particle physics issues, such as neutrino oscillation phenomena, the determination of the neutrino mass ordering, non-standard neutrino interactions, neutrino decays and a diversity of other physics topics. In this article, we review a selected number of these topics, chosen on the basis of their scientific relevance and the involvement in their study of the Spanish physics community working in the KM3NeT and ANTARES neutrino telescopes.
Highlights
During the last decade, neutrino astronomy has enjoyed a true revolution following the detection of the first signals of very high-energy neutrinos [1] by the IceCube detector [2]
We review a selected number of these topics, chosen on the basis of their scientific relevance and the involvement in their study of the Spanish physics community working in the KM3NeT and ANTARES neutrino telescopes
Time calibration is crucial in neutrino telescopes since it is directly related to the accuracy in the angular reconstruction, a key performance parameter for such instruments
Summary
Neutrino astronomy has enjoyed a true revolution following the detection of the first signals of very high-energy neutrinos [1] by the IceCube detector [2]. A large number of light detectors (photomultipliers encapsulated in pressure–resistant glass spheres, called “optical modules”) are deployed in long lines which are installed in large volumes of transparent media (water in the sea or in lakes, ice in the Antarctica) These optical modules detect the Cherenkov light induced by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions with the matter within and around the detector. ARCA, on the contrary, offers a very large effective volume (about one cubic kilometer) which makes it appropriate for studying astrophysical neutrino fluxes at higher energies ( 100 GeV) This is not a strict separation and several of the physics studies benefit from both configurations, e.g., non-standard oscillation scenarios can be studied at high energies, some astrophysical models predict signals at low energies, dark matter searches can take advantage of both ORCA and ARCA, etc. We will review here a selection of some of these topics, grouped as follows: astronomy (Section 2), dark matter (Section 3), neutrino properties (Section 4), construction and calibration (Section 5) and sea science (Section 6)
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