Abstract
In 1739, Baron de Longueiul, a pioneer explorer of the Ohio River Valley, discovered a spectacular phenomenon: in an area surrounding a salt spring in northern Kentucky, the physical remains of extinct Pleistocene mammals protruded from the ground. The site soon became known as Big Bone Lick and attracted the attention of both American and European scientists. The idea of extinction posed a difficult problem for the scientific community during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. An examination of a fossilized shark discovered in Italy in 1666 led Niels Stensen and Robert Hooke to theorize that fossils were of organic origin. While the Stensen-Hooke position was logical from an anatomical point of view, it threatened to unravel the cosmology of both Christian and deist.
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