Abstract
Far-from-equilibrium dynamics of SU(2) gauge theory with Wilson fermions is studied in 1+1 space-time dimensions using a real-time lattice approach. Lattice improved Hamiltonians are shown to be very efficient in simulating Schwinger pair creation and emergent phenomena such as plasma oscillations. As a consequence, significantly smaller lattices can be employed to approach continuum physics in the infinite-volume limit as compared to unimproved implementations. This allows us to compute also higher-order correlation functions including four fermion fields, which give unprecedented insights into the real-time dynamics of the fragmentation process of strings between fermions and antifermions.
Highlights
Confinement in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) manifests itself, amongst others, in that the energy stored in a gluon string between a quark and an antiquark rises linearly with the string length
Already the dynamics of geometric confinement and string breaking for gauge theories in 1 þ 1 space-time dimensions is very rich with a hierarchy of timescales and a close link to the Schwinger pair production mechanism, sharing important aspects with their higher dimensional counterparts
In the present work we investigate for the first time the process of non-Abelian Schwinger pair production and the dynamics of string breaking in 1 þ 1 dimensions using classical-statistical reweighting techniques
Summary
Confinement in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) manifests itself, amongst others, in that the energy stored in a gluon string between a quark and an antiquark rises linearly with the string length. Already the dynamics of geometric confinement and string breaking for gauge theories in 1 þ 1 space-time dimensions is very rich with a hierarchy of timescales and a close link to the Schwinger pair production mechanism, sharing important aspects with their higher dimensional counterparts. Much of the recent interest in the low-dimensional dynamics comes from the prospect of studying important aspects of the gauge theory using quantum simulators [16,17,18,19,20,21,22], with a first proof-of-principle implementation on a trapped-ion quantum computer [23]. In the present work we investigate for the first time the process of non-Abelian Schwinger pair production and the dynamics of string breaking in 1 þ 1 dimensions using classical-statistical reweighting techniques.
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