Abstract
Understanding school travel inequities and promoting active travel policies more effectively is an increasingly important issue in the international transport policy agenda. Using the dataset of the 2014 Shenzhen primary and secondary school travel survey, this study empirically revealed the permanent residence permit (hukou) system in the context of China shapes the evident inequities between students from public schools and private schools. Students without a legitimated hukou to local areas suffer from more constraints, longer distances, and more time to access private schools which are excluded from the public sponsorship and have disadvantages in geographical locations. Applying the ordered logistic model, this study specifically investigated the influential factors of school commuting travel mode. Household vehicle ownership and travel features (i.e., chauffeuring and home-school distance) have a much more significant role in school travel mode decisions, which largely surpassed the role individual demographic attributes and the school surrounding built environment play. The implications of this study shed light on making more specific strategies for private schools to mitigate mobility inequity imposed on disadvantaged students.
Highlights
Equity issues related to school have been examined for a long time [20]. The majority of these studies intended to investigate the equities at the long-term level; fewer attentions have been placed on inequities existing in short-term and everyday school commuting activities
Spatial attributes of the built environment within the buffer area of a 500-meter radius around each school were calculated in the geographical information system (GIS) of Shenzhen (Figure 3). ese attributes, including road density, the number of street-crossing facilities, the number of street-crossing intervals, and the number of bus stations, would be displayed in the following empirical part after the descriptive analysis
To examine the determinants of school travel mode choices, we developed an empirical econometric model by a multinomial logistic (MNL) approach. is approach has been intensively used in studies on travel mode choices [7,11,13,15]. e dependent variable is travel mode, including five options, namely, walk, bicycle, bus, school bus, and car
Summary
No matter which social contexts, the educational system and school enrolment policies are another group of decisive factors that shape travel mobility [1, 13]. These two groups of factors are interactive. Considering the limit of study places in each public school, this hukoubased enrolment policy implies children from floating household populations without local hukou could not access local public education resources. Is study aimed to look at the inequities of everyday mobility represented by variations in space-time features of school travels. Effects from the determinant of hukou status and school type (public or private) were investigated explicitly in this study. It could contribute to making school travel policy more equitable and efficient
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