Abstract

Summary Patterns of behaviour in the control groups were remarkably alike and helped to highlight the similarities and differences between Groups A and B, who presented a common basis of partial withdrawal from social interaction. Their overt behaviour patterns included shrinking, timidity, seeking refuge in unreality‐fantasy, remaining quiet, withdrawal from class activities and experience of success, and hiding, seeking little contact with teachers and peers. Thus they were ‘different’ from other children. They appeared to employ a major defence mechanism of retreat. Subsidiary traits for the phobics, fastidiousness and reliance on authority, for the truants, untidiness and defiance of authority, seemed to be related to conditions prevailing outside of school.

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