Abstract
The study aimed to provide scientific evidence to base school actions for the prevention of gender-based violence (GBV), specifically in the Brazilian context. Brazil presents high GBV indexes, ranking fifth in the world in femicide. Regarding violence in school, girls are the main victims of sexual and gender-based violence. Preventive actions must be taken to avoid such victimization. Searches conducted in Brazilian scientific databases retrieved no review of research on GBV prevention, so we conducted a thorough review of the topic, encountering a small number of articles in Brazilian databases. National and international scientific production on the theme were compared to identify if the low production is characteristic only in Brazil or in the international context as well. Searches were conducted in Brazilian and international databases using GBV and school-related descriptors. National data search retrieved 431 entries, while 222 papers were obtained in the international literature. The inclusion criteria for the analyses was the mention, in the abstract, of any form of action within school addressing GBV prevention. This screening selected eleven studies in the Brazilian databases and 30 articles in the international literature. Transformative or exclusionary elements were identified in the texts, focusing on different school levels and also lawmaking. Because of restrictions imposed by the data set, a descriptive analysis was conducted. In the international literature, it was possible to identify that recent research has been analyzing actions developed in school aiming GBV prevention and some of their impacts. Brazilian literature has been focusing primarily on describing actions rather than evaluating their impacts or describing GBV prevalence. The targeted population includes teachers, sports coaches, male and female students of different educational levels, whole school community, family and surrounding communities. The actions described in the international dataset are most frequently conducted in extracurricular context and are primarily focusing on raising awareness about GBV and providing information. The Brazilian studies indicate few actions conducted within the school. The analysis indicated characteristics in school-actions that contribute to GBV prevention and overcoming, such as working with the whole school-community, empowering women and strengthening egalitarian masculinities, bystander training and implementing laws and policies.
Highlights
The study initially aimed to characterize Brazilian scientific production regarding schools’ educational actions to prevent gender-based violence (GBV), in order to provide a synthesis of such production
The above-mentioned studies point to pathways in relation to violence prevention, which may guide teacher training as well as the actions of teachers throughout the educational system. Have actions of this nature been produced in schools and disseminated in a significant national and international context? Have these actions been effective in preventing and overcoming GBV? Faced with these questions, in this article, we address the issue of gender violence against women, focusing on the Brazilian literature on preventive actions in school, and raise relevant indicators in international production that can serve as a contribution to the actions developed in Brazil
The types of results described were categorized into four main categories: change in people’s actions; awareness of people; change in some type of record of occurrences of gender violence; and if there was no description of results, there was some intervention described
Summary
The study initially aimed to characterize Brazilian scientific production regarding schools’ educational actions to prevent gender-based violence (GBV), in order to provide a synthesis of such production. Upon finding only a small amount of scientific articles in Brazilian databases (n = 6), we considered it necessary to compare such findings with international research to identify whether the theme is understudied only nationally or worldwide too. We included a second objective to this study, which was to compare research available in Brazilian databases and in international ones about the theme in order to situate the Brazilian production in the wider context and indicate possibilities of action, evidencing transformative elements identified in the literature. The demands arise from data showing the high amount of people, mainly women, who suffer because of gender-based and sexual violence around the world and in Brazil. In 2013, according to World Health Organization research on violence against women, 35% of women worldwide suffered sexual violence from partners or non-partners, and 38% of women’s murders were committed by intimate partners (World Health Organization–W.H.O., 2013), configuring a problem of epidemic proportions
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