Abstract
Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy (SCCD) is a rare hereditary corneal pathology, the clinical forms of which can be varied. It is classically characterized by the presence of central corneal disc or ring opacities, with or without the presence of crystals, and sometimes the association with a peripheral corneal arch or the limbic belt of Vogt. Its pathogenesis is linked to an abnormality in lipid metabolism with accumulation of lipids (phospholipids or cholesterol) in the cornea. We report the case of a 30-year-old patient, with no particular history, presenting a progressive decrease in visual acuity linked to central corneal opacities, in disc form following an accumulation of iridescent crystals in the central portion of the stroma, with a peripheral lipid arc all evolving for 15 years, and we describe its aspects in anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy. The purpose of our case is to recall the clinical and biological characteristics of Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy, and to underline the risk of occurrence of diffuse vascular damage secondary to a lipid disorder favoring cardiovascular accidents. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the ocular and general signs of Schnyder's dystrophy in order to preserve functional visual and vital cardiovascular prognosis.
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