Schiffman Phase Shifters With Wide Phase Shift Range Under Operation of First and Second Phase Periods in a Coupled Line

Abstract

In this article, a class of improved Schiffman phase shifters with two C-section coupled lines separately operating in the first and second phase periods is presented and analyzed. Theoretical model and closed-form synthesis formulae are utilized to analyze the phase performances of the proposed phase shifters, which reveals significant differences compared to the phase shifters solely operating in the first or second phase period. Compared to the traditional counterparts, the proposed phase shifters can achieve a larger phase shift value and a wider phase shift range at the same impedance ratio. Moreover, under the same impedance ratio, the phase shifter can obtain wider phase shift bandwidth. These features are believed to be very useful in the limitedly realizable coupling strength for a wide phase shift range case. Finally, two sets of comparative experiments, including the operations in the first phase period, second phase period, and the proposed type, are designed and fabricated to validate the proposed approach. The simulated and measured results agree well with the theory and achieve a 33.6% (36.7%) increase in phase shift bandwidth when the phase shift value is 90° (150°) under the impedance ratio of 1.5822 (2.0312).