Scheming the best metal tungstate laden on boron nitride: Budding en route for electrochemical sensing of ornidazole

Abstract

Due to the shape, high active surface area, and defective sites among other factors, the fabrication of shape-influenced nanoparticles across the surface of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) promotes electrocatalytic activity. To achieve this, cobalt tungstate (CoWO4), lead tungstate (PbWO4), copper tungstate (CuWO4), barium tungstate (BaWO4), calcium tungstate (CaWO4), and cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) on chemically exfoliated boron nitride (CE-BN) on GCE are prepared and used for micromolar level detection of pharmaceutical compound namely ornidazole (OZ). We compared the tungstates for electrochemical OZ sensing to examine the effect of shape. Various microscopic and spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the physicochemical characteristics of synthetic materials. These investigations resulted in CoWO4/CE-BN being created solely and with the best reaction without any intervention. Furthermore, when exposed to room temperature at an ideal working buffer pH of 7.0, CoWO4/CE-BN/GCE exhibits greater reduction behavior in comparison to other tungstate electrodes. It is interesting to note that the electrode was able to generate a larger linear response (0.04 to 122.18 µM) with greater sensitivity (1.0225 µA µM−1 cm−2) and a lower micromolar detection limit (0.002 µM). The proposed sensor possesses outstanding selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, reversibility, and storage stability according to the practicability study using digital pulse voltammetry (DPV). Additionally, the examination of a lake water sample was completed with higher recovery outcomes.