Abstract
The aim of research is development of approaches to the development of schemes for microelement analysis of food objects. This will make it possible to monitor food quality by simple and affordable methods in factory laboratories. Based on data on the immobilization of dyes on ion exchangers and on the interaction of metal ions or their complexes with immobilized dyes, solid-phase spectrophotometric (SPS) and photometric methods for determining metal ions in food technology, biotechnology and the environment have been developed. Techniques are sensitive. High distribution coefficients (D³104 cm3/g) of metal ions help to reduce the detection limit when using immobilized dye as compared to the reaction in solution. Based on the detection limit values (DLV), the proposed sorption-spectrophotometric methods for determining metal ions are second only to the atomic absorption (AAS) determination of Cd (II) and Hg (II) ions and the polarographic determination of Cd (II) ions. However, the proposed methods for the determination of these metal ions are sufficient for the determination of Cd (II) and Hg (II) ions in food products at the MPC level. In the case of determination of Pb (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), Fe (III) ions, the developed methods have advantages over standard methods for determination of metal ions in food products, since they make it possible to determine these ions at a level ≤0.1…0.5 MPC; Ion exchangers with immobilized dyes and solid-phase spectrophotometric determination methods with their participation are environmentally safe, since they do not require the use of toxic organic reagents; are simple in execution and economically advantageous because of the low cost of used materials and reagents. The correctness of the results of the determination by the developed methods is proved: by comparison with the results of determinations on standard methods at various analysis objects using the method of additives, standard samples. The relative standard deviation of the developed SPS determination procedures does not exceed 0.10, which indicates satisfactory reproducibility of the results. The developed methods exceed the majority of standard and best analogs, known from the literature, for sensitivity and selectivity. The used methods of analysis are characterized by the simplicity of the experiment, ecological safety, do not require special expensive equipment, highly qualified personnel and a stationary laboratory.
Highlights
Complicating the ecological situation in Ukraine, increasing the requirements for the quality of food and raw materials, the need to expand methods for diagnosing the initial stages of human diseases are associated with the ingress of a large number of toxic metals into food products, drinking water and other environmental objects
To determine the microquantities of metals, use such complex, highly sensitive methods of analysis as atomic emission, mass spectrometric, neutron-activation, atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescence and luminescent methods. They assume the availability of expensive equipment, which is serviced by highly qualified employees in a stationary laboratory
This adversely affects the metrological characteristics of photometric techniques (DLV, reproducibility, accuracy, speed)
Summary
Complicating the ecological situation in Ukraine, increasing the requirements for the quality of food and raw materials, the need to expand methods for diagnosing the initial stages of human diseases are associated with the ingress of a large number of toxic metals into food products, drinking water and other environmental objects. To determine the microquantities of metals, use such complex, highly sensitive methods of analysis as atomic emission, mass spectrometric, neutron-activation, atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescence and luminescent methods. They assume the availability of expensive equipment, which is serviced by highly qualified employees in a stationary laboratory. The possibilities of simple spectrophotometric determinations are limited by insufficient selectivity and sensitivity, the complexity of the concentration of the ions being determined and the sample preparation [3, 4]. The aim of research is development of approaches to the development of schemes for microelement analysis of food objects This will make it possible to monitor food quality by simple and affordable methods in factory laboratories
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