Abstract
Polycrystalline scheelite type Sr1−xBaxWO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2 & 0.3) materials were synthesized by the solid state sintering method and studied with respect to phase stability and ionic conductivity under condition of technological relevance for SOFC applications. All compounds crystallized in the single phase of tetragonal scheelite structure with the space group of I41/a. Room temperature X-ray diffraction and subsequent Rietveld analysis confirms its symmetry, space group and structural parameters. SEM illustrates the highly dense compounds. Significant mass change was observed to prove the proton uptake at higher temperature by TG-DSC. All compound shows lower conductivity compared to the traditional BCZY perovskite structured materials. SBW with x = 0.3 exhibit the highest ionic conductivity among all compounds under wet argon condition which is 1.9 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 1000 °C. Since this scheelite type compounds show significant conductivity, the new series of SBW could serve in IT-SOFC as proton conducting electrolyte.
Highlights
The use of renewable energy and energy conversion and storage have become increasingly important due to the huge demand of energy supply in modern society and emerging ecological concerns in a way which is environmental friendly and low cost[1]
The IT-SOFC has proved to be cost effective over conventional high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (HT-SOFC), as IT-SOFC can be manufactured more economically using less expensive stack interconnect materials[20,21]
SBW electrolytes were successfully synthesized by solid state sintering method and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TGA and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
Summary
The use of renewable energy and energy conversion and storage have become increasingly important due to the huge demand of energy supply in modern society and emerging ecological concerns in a way which is environmental friendly and low cost[1]. At intermediate temperature range (400–700 °C), some perovskite type oxides shows low activation energy and high proton conductivity in H2 and H2O atmospheres[13,14,15]. Further development of protonic solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperature (IT, 400–700 °C) is still important technological challenge[16,17,18,19]. In the case of the cerates, the basicity of the A cation leads to poor tolerance to CO2, rapidly decomposing to form the carbonates at higher temperatures[29,30] This is a major limitation when one considers using these materials in devices such as fuel cells or hydrogen-separation membranes that operate in hydrocarbon environments. It was reported that photoluminescence intensity of mixed tungstate Ca0.6Sr0.4WO4 is higher than for individual tungstate[39]
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