Abstract
Large-scale landslides often cause severe damage due to their long run-out distances and having disaster chain effects. Scenario simulation has been adopted in the current work in order to analyze the Xiaomojiu landslide dynamic processes. The landslide characteristics and topography data are obtained via field investigations, whereas high-resolution topographic data (0.17 m) are obtained using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The landslide sliding velocity, deposition characteristics, and flood outburst after a landslide dam failure were obtained using Particle Flow Code (PFC-3D) which introduced the changeable friction coefficient and the HEC-RAS software. The results showed that: 1. The landslide presents a scallop shape with a length of 1110 m, an average width of 950 m, and an area of 1.05 × 106 m2. The average thickness and volume of the sliding body are approximately 50 m and 5.45 × 107 m3. The InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) deformation analysis showed that the Xiaomojiu landslide has a maximum annual displacement rate of 60 mm/y and a maximum accumulation deformation of 180 mm since November 25, 2017. 2. The failure process of the Xiaomojiu landslide lasted for 65 s with a maximum velocity of 78.2 m/s. According to the landslide simulation results, the deposited area is approximately 2023 m long, 900 m wide, and has a maximum height of approximately 149 m. 3. A landslide-dammed lake with an elevation of 2940 m and a storage capacity of 4.13 × 109 m3 is formed after the landslide blocks the Jinsha River, and the maximum peak flow rate of the breach is 12051.7 m3/s, 43,451.4 m3/s, 148,635.6 m3/s, and 304,544.7 m3/s for the landslide-dammed failure degrees of 15%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. These results provide a reference for the risk analysis and mitigation of the landslide.
Highlights
Large-scale landslides often cause severe damage due to their long run-out distances and having a significant disaster chain effect; resulting in a large number of casualties, significant property loss, as well as damage to the ecological environment (Yin et al 2016; Korup et al 2019; Aslan et al 2021)
Landslides that occur on both riverbanks produce landslide debris that can block the river and form a dammed lake
The particle motion characteristics are calculated using Newton’s second law of motion, whereas the law of force and displacement is used to update the position of the particles and describe the motion of the particles in the PFC3D discrete element method (Equations 1, 2, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc 2006): Fi (t) + mgi =
Summary
Large-scale landslides often cause severe damage due to their long run-out distances and having a significant disaster chain effect; resulting in a large number of casualties, significant property loss, as well as damage to the ecological environment (Yin et al 2016; Korup et al 2019; Aslan et al 2021). The complex geology and high-relief landform along the rivers indicate that a landslide has a large potential energy (Guo et al 2020; Zhang et al 2020; Gong et al 2021). The failure and run-out process are complex and with the landslide materials traveling along the passway, resulting in a very high velocity with long run-out distances (Yang et al 2014; Ge et al 2019). The severity of dam failures and consequent flood bursts cause significant damage to downstream towns, transportation facilities, communication equipment, and the environment, thereby threatening the safety of human life (Liu et al 2019; Fan et al 2020a)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
