Scenario of the spread of the invasive species Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in Brazil

Luís Gustavo Da Conceição Galego,Claudia Marcia Aparecida Carareto

doi:10.1590/s1415-47572010005000080

Luís Gustavo Da Conceição Galego, Claudia Marcia Aparecida Carareto

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572010005000080

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Abstract

Zaprionus indianus was first recorded in Brazil in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout the country. We have obtained data on esterase loci polymorphisms (Est2 and Est3), and analyzed them, using Landscape Shape Interpolation and the Monmonier Maximum Difference Algorithm to discover how regional invasion occurred. Hence, it was apparent that Z. indianus, after first arriving in São Paulo state, spread throughout the country, probably together with the transportation of commercial fruits by way of the two main Brazilian freeways, BR 153, to the south and the surrounding countryside, and the BR 116 along the coast and throughout the north-east.

Highlights

Zaprionus indianus is an African species, that is widespread throughout several tropical areas worldwide, probably as a result of the intense commerce of agricultural goods
Galego and Carareto (2007) added weight to the concept of African introduction based on data from two polymorphic esterase loci, Est2 and Est3, the first with two alleles
Originally from tropical Africa, historical records show that Z. indianus arrived in Brazil in 1998 (Vilela, 1999), and quickly spread throughout São Paulo (Vilela et al, 2000), Rio de Janeiro (Loh and Bitner-Mathé, 2005), and the southern (Toni et al, 2001; Castro and Valente 2001) and midwestern (Tidon et al, 2003) states

Summary

Introduction

Zaprionus indianus is an African species, that is widespread throughout several tropical areas worldwide, probably as a result of the intense commerce of agricultural goods. Various tools have been employed for characterizing the species introduced into Brazil, such as alloenzyme polymorphisms (Mattos-Machado et al, 2005; Galego and Carareto, 2007), quantitative traits (David et al, 2006a,b) and chromosome inversions (Ananina et al, 2006). These studies indicated that the founder propagul were numerous. Vilela (1999) proposed that Z. indianus was maybe introduced by air transport from Africa. This proposal was thereafter endorsed by Tidon et al (2003). Galego and Carareto (2007) added weight to the concept of African introduction based on data from two polymorphic esterase loci, Est and Est, the first with two alleles

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