Abstract
Background: Commuting time is highly influenced by traffic congestion. System dynamics simulation can help identify the cause of traffic problems to improve travel time efficiency.Objective: This study aims to reduce traffic congestion and minimise commuting time efficiency using system dynamics simulation and scenarios. The developed scenarios implement the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and trams projects in the model.Methods: System dynamics simulation is used to analyse the transport system in Surabaya and the impact of BRT and trams project implementation in the model in order to improve commuting time and to reduce congestion.Results: From the simulation results, with the implementation of BRT and tram projects along with highway expansion, traffic congestion is predicted to decline by 24-44%. With the reduction of traffic congestion, travel time efficiency is predicted to improve by 11-28%. On the contrary, implementation of BRT and tram project without highway expansion is predicted to increase the traffic congestion by 5% in the initial year of implementation, then traffic congestion is predicted to decline by 2% in 2035.Conclusion: Based on the scenarios, transport project implementation such as BRT and trams should be accompanied with improvement of infrastructure. Further research is needed to develop a more comprehensive transportation system to capture a broader view of the problem. Keywords: Model, Simulation, System Dynamics, Traffic Congestion, Travel Time
Highlights
Traffic congestion is described as overloaded vehicles on a part of the roadway at a critical time resulting in speeds slower than free-flow speed [1], [2]
This study shows the impact of strategies that can potentially be implemented to reduce traffic congestion and improve commuting time efficiency
The simulation results have an intersection in 2033, traffic congestion will decrease at about 2% and travel time efficiency will grow at around 2% in 2035
Summary
Traffic congestion is described as overloaded vehicles on a part of the roadway at a critical time resulting in speeds slower than free-flow speed [1], [2]. The relationship between traffic congestion and commuting time can be expressed as a function: ‘if the congestion increases the travel time will increase’ [6]. System dynamics simulation can help identify the cause of traffic problems to improve travel time efficiency. Methods: System dynamics simulation is used to analyse the transport system in Surabaya and the impact of BRT and trams project implementation in the model in order to improve commuting time and to reduce congestion. Results: From the simulation results, with the implementation of BRT and tram projects along with highway expansion, traffic congestion is predicted to decline by 24-44%. Conclusion: Based on the scenarios, transport project implementation such as BRT and trams should be accompanied with improvement of infrastructure. Further research is needed to develop a more comprehensive transportation system to capture a broader view of the problem
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