Abstract
Urban areas are gradually becoming more viable places in terms of life quality than most rural areas. This phenomenon generates human movements, both at a local and at an international scale, the latter usually being labeled as irregular migration. This study aims at analyzing urban scenario proposals that part from incremental urbanism principles to create opportunities for youth and women in the area of Pikine Est (Senegal), a neighborhood with a high vocation toward migration. An integrated planning approach is proposed, where an initial project identification stage reveals through documentary analysis and discussion the adequate project strategies to apply and shines a light on proper life quality indicators (LQIs). In the successive stage, project formulation, future-oriented scenarios are proposed. Finally, at the evaluation stage, each urban scenario is assessed to determine which one contains a more suitable set of strategies in function of the community’s needs, employing multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) methods. As a result, this study proves through measurable data that assessing incremental urban interventions makes sense in developing communities, not only as a study of their response to scarce financial resources, but also as means to overcome and avoid environmental issues that cities face at a global scale today.
Highlights
The everlasting transition of human activity towards cities constantly drives more people to want to live as near as possible to the urban center, especially in capital cities [1]
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) [6], irregular migration is defined as the “movement of persons that takes place outside the laws, regulations, or international agreements governing the entry into or exit from the State of origin, transit, or destination.”
Incremental community planning requires interventions in several sectors to establish a dialogue between planners and inhabitants as one of several strategies to avoid top-down master planning. To address such a complex issue, this study followed an integrated approach, proposed as a tool to help allocate resources for cooperatives in developing countries [9]. This tool was selected as an initial starting ground due to its applicability in African contexts and its alignment towards achieving certain Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Summary
The everlasting transition of human activity towards cities constantly drives more people to want to live as near as possible to the urban center, especially in capital cities [1]. Most nations are yet to prepare to face the environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts of these transitions, and few are equipped with the necessary monetary resources to adapt to such situations that threaten citizens’ life quality indicators (LQIs) [3,4,5] Once these LQIs are massively affected, it is natural that people keep searching for better opportunities elsewhere, even if it is in different, unknown countries. In the efforts of emphasizing this statement, the IOM faces the challenge of collecting data on the actual flows of people that leave one country and arrive at another One of these results, for instance, includes recordings of 3279 migrants and refugee deaths in 2014 in the Mediterranean Sea, rising to 3777 in 2015, and showing a further increase in 2016 with 5085 deaths [7]. These alarming numbers may bring into question the real efficacy of border control strengthening
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