Scavenger Receptors: Different Classes and their Role in the Uptake of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins

Abstract

Oxidation of lipoproteins marks a fundamental early phase in atherosclerosis development, a condition distinguished by plaque build-up in the arteries. It is widely accepted that the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis progression. Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) exhibits numerous atherogenic characteristics, leading to endothelial dysfunction, the creation of foam cells, and inflammation in the arterial wall. The crucial interaction between Ox-LDL and specific receptors on endothelial cells is key to initiating these processes. In this article, we're going to delve into the various LDL receptors that play a crucial part in the uptake and metabolism of LDL, emphasizing their significance in the development of atherosclerosis. The Cochrane database, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, and other databases were thoroughly searched for works addressing scavenger receptors to explore how both native LDL (nLDL) and Ox-LDL engage with these receptors, facilitating the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. We'll then proceed to a more detailed examination of the complex role scavenger receptors play in the uptake and internalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL), and their vital role in the onset of diseases. The review will further cover the identification, categorization, and roles of scavenger receptors, along with their molecular mechanisms. Grasping the complexity of these receptor-ligand interactions is critical for the creation of focused treatments to fight against pathologic conditions such as atherosclerosis and its related health scenarios.