Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Infection with EV71 is occasionally associated with severe neurological diseases such as acute encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and cardiopulmonary failure. Because cellular receptors for viruses play an important role in cell, tissue, and species tropism, it is important to identify and characterize the receptor molecule. Recently, cellular receptors and host factors that stimulate EV71 infection have been identified. Several lines of evidence suggest that scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) plays critical roles in efficient EV71 infection and the development of disease in humans. In this review, we will summarize the findings of recent studies on EV71 infection and on the roles of SCARB2.
Highlights
Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are a large family of human pathogens belonging to the Picornaviridae family, and these viruses can cause a variety of diseases
HFMD is normally a mild disease, but HFMD caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is sometimes associated with severe neurological diseases such as acute fatal encephalitis, polio-like acute flaccid paralysis, and neurogenic pulmonary edema (Schmidt et al, 1974; Chumakov et al, 1979a,b; Melnick, 1984; Ho et al, 1999; Chan et al, 2000)
The human and monkey cell lines that are EV71-susceptible cells expressed SCARB2. These results suggest that SCARB2 plays a critical role in the EV71 infection pathway
Summary
Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are a large family of human pathogens belonging to the Picornaviridae family, and these viruses can cause a variety of diseases. The human and monkey cell lines that are EV71-susceptible cells expressed SCARB2. These results suggest that SCARB2 plays a critical role in the EV71 infection pathway.
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