Abstract
The general formula based on first order perturbation theory for sound scattering from a rough interface separating two fluid media is derived. Possible areas of application of the formula are scattering from buried, uneven sediment rough interfaces and reverberation in a waveguide with changing water depth. Each of the two media is allowed to have space‐dependent sound speed, density, and attenuation coefficient. The rough interface is assumed to be comprised of two components, a slowly varying, arbitrarily shaped surface considered as the unperturbed background, and a small roughness component superimposed on the slowly varying surface. The formula is intended for both the scattered field back to the medium where the incident wave originates and the penetration field. Properties of the formula are discussed, including reciprocity and symmetry with respect to the scattered and penetration fields. Numerical examples are presented for several scenarios which are of common interest to the underwater acoustics community.
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