Scattering elimination of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using phase and amplitude modulation

Abstract

High-quality two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy is hard to obtain when there are severe light scatterings from sample. In the pump–probe geometry with pulse shaper, phase cycling has been implemented to remove the light scattering. However, the phase cycling cannot eliminate some scattering that always having same phase relation with the desired signal. Especially when experiments with severe scattered condition are performed, more nonlinear scattering will become a scattering source which cannot be omitted. Here, we introduce an approach to eliminate all the scattering in the pump–probe geometry with pulse shaper by combining phase cycling and a chopper in the probe beam. We demonstrated that this approach can completely remove all light scattering even when severe scattering is existing. And we will present an example to illustrate it.