Scattered EM-Wave Shaping Using Combination of Cross-Polarization Conversion and Reflection Phase Cancellation

Abstract

The design of millimeter-wave 1 bit coding engineered reflector for backscattered electromagnetic (EM)-wave shaping by combining both cross-polarization conversion and reflection phase cancellation principles is presented in this letter. The anisotropic unit cell of the presented engineered reflector can efficiently rotate the polarization of an incident EM wave to its orthogonal one at millimeter-wave regime. Each unit cell has four inverted L-shaped copper resonators on the top side of a PEC-backed dielectric substrate. The proposed unit cell has three plasmon resonance frequencies at 87.3, 90.1, and 91.8 GHz with 100% cross-polarization conversion efficiency at these frequencies, and more than 92.1% from about 86.7 to 91.9 GHz. Moreover, if the proposed anisotropic unit cell (“0” element) along with its mirrored one (“1” element) are arranged in one engineered reflector, a 180° ± 25° reflection phase difference is valid between their reflection phases and engineered reflectors that can efficiently manipulate the reflected EM-wave and generates many kinds of scattering patterns such as two lobes, three lobes, four lobes, or even a diffuse scattering pattern can be composed using only those two unit cells. Full-wave simulation, fabrication, and experimental characterization results are presented.