Abstract
Abstract Written as a reflection on the observation of the 1898-1998 centennial of the Philippines' independence from Spain and subsequent U.S. occupation, this essay presents a Filipina-American immigrant's perspective on the intersection of religion, colonization, and sexual violence in the making of the modern Philippine society. The author offers a critical look at the development of Filipina womanhood by examining the babaylan, Maria Clara, Miss Saigon, and Flor Contemplación as icons through which to view the Philippines' colonial history under Spain and continuing neo-colonial relations with the United States.
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