Scar Quality of Skin Graft Borders: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Evaluation

Abstract

Prominent scars may remain around the border of a mature skin graft (SG) at the interface of the SG with normal skin. The border of a SG may be constructed by either exactly approximating (A) or slightly overlapping (O) the edge of the SG on the wound margin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Aor O affects the quality of the border scar of SGs applied to burn patients. This prospective study was a within-border design in which adult burn patients requiring SGs served as their own control. Half of each study border was fashioned using O and the immediately adjacent other half was made using A.We randomly assigned O or Ato the proximal or distal halves of vertical borders and the medial and lateral halves of horizontal borders. Both halves of the study border were identically fixated with staples or sutures and were managed in the same fashion postoperatively. Blinded evaluations at 3, 6, and 12months of O and Aborders were performed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the observer component of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), and a global binary assessment of which half of the study border "looked better." Blinded patients also rated each half of the study border with a 10-point Likert scale. Values are reported as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range), as appropriate. There were 34 borders studied in 15 subjects (46.7% female, age 29 [22,57], % TBSA burn 9.7± 5.3, and no inhalation injuries). Study borders were constructed at 7 (5,11) days postburn, had a total length of 12 (9.3,14.5) cm, and all involved split thickness SGs of thickness 13 (12,14)/1000th of an inch. Sheet grafts were applied in 27% and meshed grafts in 73%. SGs were applied immediately after excision in 75% or after allografting in 25%. Border scars matured between 3 and 12months with reductions in total VSS from 8 (7,8) to 4 (3,6) for O borders (P < .001) and from 8 (7,9) to 4 (1,6) for Aborders (P < .001). However, there were no significant differences between O and Aborders in total VSS at 3months (P=.165), 6months (P=.602), and 12months (P=.358) or in total OSAS at 3months (P=.681), 6months (P=.890), or 12months (P=.601). At 12months, 60% of O borders and 40% of Aborders were globally rated as "better" (P=.258). There were no significant differences in the patients' subjective ratings of the O and Aborders at 3months (P=.920), 6months (P=.960), and 12months (P=.66). The scar quality at the border of a skin graft does not appear to be affected by the surgical technique used to construct the border at the time of grafting.