Abstract
In this work, we extend a planar laser-induced fluorescence method for free surface measurements to a three-dimensional domain using a stereo-camera system, a scanning light sheet, and a modified self-calibration procedure. The stereo-camera set-up enables a versatile measurement domain with self-calibration, improved accuracy, and redundancy (e.g., possibility to overcome occlusions). Fluid properties are not significantly altered by the fluorescent dye, which results in a non-intrusive measurement technique. The technique is validated by determining the free surface of a hydraulic flow over an obstacle and circular waves generated after droplet impact. Free surface waves can be accurately determined over a height of L=100 mm in a large two-dimensional domain (y(x,z) = 120times 62 mm^2), with sufficient accuracy to determine small amplitude variations (eta approx 0.2 mm). The temporal resolution ({varDelta }t = 19 ms) is only limited by the available scanning equipment (f = 1 kHz rate). For other applications, this domain can be scaled as needed.Graphic abstract
Highlights
Small-scale free surface dynamics play a significant role in many applications
This study presents a two-dimensional planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF)-based approach, which applies a stereo-camera set-up with a scanned light sheet (Brücker 1996)
Free surface waves are generated behind an obstacle, which is mounted on the false bottom at a distance of 0.85 m from the leading edge
Summary
Small-scale free surface dynamics play a significant role in many applications. They strongly influence the response of structures to wave impacts (Lafeber et al 2012), and the transfer of heat, momentum, mass, and energy between the ocean and atmosphere (Buckley and Veron 2016; Jähne and Haußecker 1998). Measurements of the small-scale free surface dynamics are required. These measurements are typically performed with intrusive point measurements (e.g., resistive wave probes)
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