Abstract
External and internal ultramicroscopic characteristics of the tooth root apex in dogs were determined. Thirty teeth (16 maxillary fourth premolars, 7 mandibular first molars, and 7 maxillary canines) were examined. Teeth were obtained from 9 dogs with a total of 59 roots evaluated. Roots were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis (41), 3 to 7-mm from the apex, and others were sectioned longitudinally (18). Specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The major diameter of 1,700 foramina and the depth of apical deltas were measured. The shape of the apex varied from round to elliptical and round-elliptical, with a regular or irregular surface. All root apices had many foramina, most (85.44 %) with a diameter < 50-μm. The maximum foramen diameter was 234.19-μm. Great variation was observed in the size of the apical foramina. The internal aspect of the cementum at the apical level showed a “sieved plug”. The extension of the cementum within the root canal forming the apical delta measured 2 ± 0.4-mm.
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