Abstract
Simple SummaryLeaf beetle Ophraella communa is considered an effective biocontrol agent against the common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia. However, there are no studies that assess the antennal sensilla and chemosensory proteins expression profiles of O. communa. In this study, the types and morphology of sensilla on the antennae were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that there are six types of sensilla (sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm bristles) distributed on the antennae. We also found that the expression levels of five chemosensory proteins in male and female antennae were higher than those in other tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results lay the foundation for interpreting the olfactory functions of adult O. communa.Ophraella communa is an efficient biocontrol agent used against the invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia. It is an herbivorous insect that feeds on specific plants; the olfactory functions of this insects plays an important role in their search for host plants. There are no reports on O. communa sensilla types, morphology, or chemosensory protein (CSP) genes. In this study, we observed the external structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in adult O. communa antennae by scanning electron microscopy; moreover, we cloned 11 CSPs (CSP1–CSP11) and elucidated their tissue-expression profiles using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Six types of sensilla were identified: sensilla trichodea (including two subtypes), sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica (including two subtypes), sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm bristles. Both male and female antennae had all six types of sensilla, and no sexual dimorphism was noted in sensillar types or distribution. We also found that the expression levels of CSP2, CSP3, CSP4, CSP6, and CSP7 in male and female antennae were higher than those in other tissues, which suggests that these five CSPs may be related to olfactory function in O. communa. Ultimately, our results lay the foundation for interpreting the olfactory functions of adult O. communa.
Highlights
Olfaction plays a vital role in various insect behaviors, such as searching for host plants and mates and avoiding natural enemies [1]
In the present study, we assessed the morphology and distribution of six types of antennae sensilla through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cloned 11 chemosensory protein (CSP) identified in the antennae transcriptome, and elucidated their tissue expression profiles
sensilla trichodea (ST) were the most common and widely distributed sensilla on the antennae of O. communa and they appeared to be dense on the ninth flagellomere
Summary
Olfaction plays a vital role in various insect behaviors, such as searching for host plants and mates and avoiding natural enemies [1]. Insect antennae, which are considered the main organs that perform olfactory functions in insects, have various types of sensilla distributed on them. In addition to the antennae, sensilla are distributed in other tissues, such as maxillary palps, labial palps, and ovipositors [6]. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are extremely concentrated in sensilla lymph, serving as transporters that recognize and transfer odorants through the sensilla lymph to the odorant receptor, which is a necessary process in the olfactory system. CSPs are small and highly soluble proteins, and large number of studies have demonstrated that they can transfer various small molecules, such as odorants and pheromones to a given odorant receptor [7,8,9]. Previous studies have reported that CSPs are expressed in non-chemosensory tissues; the functions of most CSPs are unknown. The olfactory and non-olfactory functions of CSPs need further investigation
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