Abstract
The scanning behaviour of three small tree-gleaning passerines (Nuthatch, Coal Tit and Cresated Tit) was investigated in relation to their spatial niche by observing vigilance while feeding on artificial feeders under controlled conditions. Coal Tits which forage in substrates with denser vegetation cover, showed shorter, more frequent scans than Nuthatches, which usually forage in open substrates. Our results suggest the existence of a foraging syndrome relating the vigilance pattern to the spatial niche of a species, which probably results from the interaction between scan frequency and scan duration in relation to the space a bird must survey for predators and the protection offered by the surroundings.
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