Abstract
Buildings are the largest consumer of raw materials and simultaneously are responsible for 40% of the global energy consumption as well as for about 30% of global CO2 emissions. In order to reach sustainability goals such as reduction of the use of primary resources, it is of utmost importance to reuse or recycle the existing stocks – a strategy labelled as “Urban Mining”. The fact that the new construction rate is only 3%, underlines the importance of Urban Mining. However, there is lack of knowledge about the exact material composition and geometry of the existing stock, which represents the main obstacle for Urban Mining and accordingly for reaching high recycling rates. In this paper the Integrated Data Assessment and Modelling (IDAM) method based on digital scanning and modelling technologies for capturing of the geometry and material composition data is proposed for enabling a generation of as built Building Information Modelling (BIM)-models from acquired point clouds and non-geometric data. The main aim of this research is to explore the potential of the IDAM method for the generation of a BIM-model, which serves as basis for BIM-based Material Passports (MP), as major element enabling Circular Economy (CE) and Urban Mining strategies as well as the creation of a digital secondary raw materials cadastre. In order to deliver a proof of concept for IDAM, a real use case will be assessed in terms of geometry and material composition, and possibilities of data capturing via laser scanning and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for follow-up generation of a BIM-based MP explored. For capturing the geometry, laser scanning, and for capturing the material composition, GPR is used. The use of GPR for the generation of a BIM-model, which incorporates material information, addresses a research gap – the capturing and modelling of geometry is already well explored, however the methods and tools for capturing and modelling of the material composition of buildings are largely lacking. Result show, that the coupled use of capturing technologies has great potential to serve as basis for a BIM-based MP. Moreover, the use of GPR, enables a determination of embedded materials within a building, but is confronted with various difficulties. As a result, a framework, which can serve as groundwork for follow-up research, is presented.
Highlights
Due to worldwide rapidly increasing consumption of resources and land, as well as growing generation of waste, increasing of recycling and reuse rates of materials, next to reduction of energy consumption is of highest priority for achieving sustainability within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry
Building stocks and infrastructures are the largest material stocks of industrial economies. These total material stocks on the global scale are about as large as reserves of primary resources in nature (Brunner and Rechberger, 2017). It is of long-term importance to maintain or frequently recycle these urban stocks, and in consequence to minimize the use of primary resources, the dependency on imports – a strategy labelled as Urban Mining, which is a part of Circular Economy (CE)
The aim of this paper is to explore the potentials of digital technologies, laser scanning and ground penetrating radar (GPR), and so generated Building Information Modelling (BIM)-models serving as basis for the compilation of Material Passports (MP), which are a supporting instrument for the realization of CE in the AEC industry
Summary
Due to worldwide rapidly increasing consumption of resources and land, as well as growing generation of waste, increasing of recycling and reuse rates of materials, next to reduction of energy consumption is of highest priority for achieving sustainability within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Building stocks and infrastructures are the largest material stocks of industrial economies These total material stocks on the global scale are about as large as reserves of primary resources in nature (Brunner and Rechberger, 2017). It is of long-term importance to maintain or frequently recycle these urban stocks, and in consequence to minimize the use of primary resources, the dependency on imports – a strategy labelled as Urban Mining, which is a part of Circular Economy (CE). For enabling a successful utilisation of the Urban Mining strategy, detailed knowledge about the existing stock and embedded materials is needed, which is currently lacking. Through coupling of BIM with capturing technologies such as laser scanning and ground penetrating radar (GPR), a thorough assessment of existing stocks can be conducted; and inventories on the detailed material composition of buildings such as Material Passports (MP), generated
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