Abstract
Abstract In six ASEAN countries, over 50% of the population resides in rural and remote areas with limited access to health-care facilities and skilled personnel, exacerbated by the emigration of health-care workers. Digital health initiatives, particularly telemedicine, offer a promising solution to enhance health-care access, quality, and affordability in low- and middle-income countries. However, significant challenges hinder widespread telemedicine adoption. Implementation science provides a framework for understanding and addressing these challenges, emphasizing the translation of evidence-based interventions into the real-world practice. To effectively scale-up telemedicine, several recommendations are proposed. First, attention to technical factors such as simplicity and interoperability is crucial, along with the early engagement of government and nonstate actors to ensure alignment with existing systems. Second, strong leadership and political will are essential for garnering decision-maker buy-in and promoting sustainability. Finally, the active involvement of local leaders, stakeholders, and communities is indispensable for successful implementation and user acceptance.
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