Abstract
This study investigated scaling trends of commercially available light-duty battery electric vehicles (BEVs) ranging from model year 2011 to 2018. The motivation of this study is to characterize the status of BEV technology with respect to BEV performance parameters to better understand the limitations and potentials of BEV. The raw data was extracted from three main sources: INL (Idaho National Laboratory) website, EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Fuel Economy website, and the websites BEV manufacturers and internet in general. Excellent scaling trends were found between the EPA driving range per full charge of a battery and the battery capacity normalized by vehicle weight. In addition, a relatively strong correlation was found between EPA city fuel economy and vehicle curb weight, while a weak correlation was found between EPA highway fuel economy and vehicle curb weight. An inverse power correlation was found between 0–60 mph acceleration time and peak power output from battery divided by vehicle curb weight for 10 BEVs investigated at INL. Tests done on the environmentally controlled chamber chassis dynamometer at INL show that fuel economy drops by 19 ± 5% for the summer driving condition with air conditioner on and 47 ± 7% for the winter driving condition.
Highlights
The Earth is currently undergoing climate change due to the increase of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 [1]
Over the years, the U.S has attempted to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted by Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs)
Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have chosen Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) over hydrogen fuel cell technology for light duty vehicles in recent years considering the former has been more widely commercialized than fuel cell models
Summary
The Earth is currently undergoing climate change due to the increase of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 [1]. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) have chosen Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) over hydrogen fuel cell technology for light duty vehicles in recent years considering the former has been more widely commercialized than fuel cell models. Components such as vehicle curb weight and battery capacity are important to determine a vehicle’s energy efficiency. Analysis of vehicle performance parameters with respect to fuel economy can be essential information if agencies are to consider legislating fuel economy standards for BEVs. This paper investigates BEVs based on vehicle specification, fuel economy, and experimental testing data available to fill this gap in literature knowledge.
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