Abstract
Surfaces/interfaces have a profound effect on the properties of nanostructured and heterogeneous materials due to the large ratio of surface/interface atoms to the bulk. Imperfect interfaces widely exist in conventional composites and nanostructured materials. This paper shows that when imperfect interfacial bonding conditions are taken into account, some intrinsic length scales emerge. Thus, in contrast to the perfectly-bonded interfaces, the effective properties of heterogeneous materials containing inhomogeneities with imperfect interfaces become dependent upon the size of the inhomogeneities. This size-dependence is shown to be captured by simple scaling laws depending upon the type of the interface imperfection.
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