Abstract
The common interpretation of elliptic flow $v_2$ in heavy ion collisions is that it is produced by hydrodynamic flow at low transverse momentum and by parton energy loss at high transverse momentum. Here, we discuss this interpretation in view of the dependence of $v_2$ with energy, rapidity and system size, and show that it is far from clear how the relevant properties necessary for this interpretation, low viscosity and high opacity, turn on. A low energy collider such as NICA is essential for this interpretation to be verified, understood and related to the fundamental properties of hadronic matter
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