Scaled and nonlinear multi-objective model for Downlink and Uplink exposure in massive MIMO

Abstract

When designing wireless networks with a large number of wireless broadband devices, it is important to take into account the induced Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) exposure from base station broadcasting. This work focuses on the reduction of power consumption, low downlink and uplink electromagnetic exposure, and the optimization of locations and power levels of large Multiple Input–Multiple Output-Long Term Evolution base stations (MIMO-LTE). Additionally, it anticipates achieving maximum user coverage. In order to handle the power consumption and Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) exposure, a Nonlinear and Scaled Weight objective model (NLSW) is defined (DL and UL exposure). An enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is employed to resolve this optimization issue. Finally, DL exposure, UL exposure, and power performance of a NLSW are validated compared to the traditional linear model. Increased antenna leads to a 25% reduction in DL dosage. The minimum BS deployed in the area with the number of antenna elements until it reaches the ideal value is related to the UL exposure maximization.