Scale Characteristics and Optimization of Park Green Space in Megacities Based on the Fractal Measurement Model: A Case Study of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen

Zhen Li,Miaoyao Nie,Wanmin Zhao

doi:10.3390/su13158554

Zhen Li, Miaoyao Nie + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158554

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Abstract

This paper applies fractal theory to research of green space in megacity parks due to the lack of a sufficient qualitative description of the scale structure of park green space, a quantifiable evaluation system, and operable planning methods in traditional studies. Taking Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen as examples, GIS spatial analysis technology and the Zipf model are used to calculate the fractal dimension (q), the goodness of fit (R2), and the degree of difference (C) to deeply interpret the connotation of indicators and conduct a comparative analysis between cities to reveal fractal characteristics and laws. The research results show that (1) the fractal dimension is related to the complexity of the park green space system; (2) the fractal dimension characterizes the hierarchical iteration of the park green space to a certain extent and reflects the internal order of the scale distribution; (3) the scale distribution of green space in megacity parks deviates from the ideal pyramid configuration; and (4) there are various factors affecting the scale structure of park green space, such as natural base conditions, urban spatial structure, and the continuation of historical genes working together. On this basis, a series of targeted optimization strategies are proposed.

Highlights

Improving the urban environment and quality of life have become important issues of public concern
The average fractal dimension q-value of Beijing is 0.9, indicating that there are a large number of park green spaces in the middle rank showing a relatively balanced structure, which is divided into 10 levels from top to bottom based on the largest park green space scale, with an overall degree of fit of over 96.3%
Fractal theory was introduced into the research field of urban park green space to reveal the fractal characteristics and laws of green land in China’s megacity parks by constructing a Zipf measurement model and providing specific strategies for scale optimization

Summary

Introduction

Improving the urban environment and quality of life have become important issues of public concern. As a material carrier for public activities such as recreation, leisure, and sports [1,2], maintains urban health and safety, beautifies the environment, and improves residents’ quality of life; it is important ecological infrastructure for the construction of urban settlements [3] and a precious resource for people to experience nature up close [4]. Park green space is closely related to personal and social health. It relieves people’s mental stress, eliminates fatigue, and lowers adult blood pressure and body mass index [5,6] and plays a positive role in promoting humanto-human interaction and enhancing social welfare benefits [7,8]. Compared with Western developed countries with earlier studies of urban green space and higher index requirements, China has basically guided urban

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