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Abstract
In a Ramsey atom interferometer excited by two electromagnetic fields, if atoms are under a time-varying scalar potential during the interrogation time, the phase of the Ramsey fringes shifts owing to the scalar Aharonov–Bohm effect. The phase shift was precisely examined using a Ramsey atom interferometer with a two-photon Raman transition under the second-order Zeeman potential, and a formula for the phase shift was derived. Using the derived formula, the frequency shift due to the scalar Aharonov–Bohm effect in the frequency standards utilizing the Ramsey atom interferometer was discussed.
Highlights
The Ramsey resonance excited by two separated electromagnetic fields—originally described by Ramsey [1] and understood as a kind of atom interferometer [2,3]—is used as a powerful tool for high-resolution laser spectroscopy [4] and high-precision measurement in fundamental physics [5]
We demonstrated the nondispersivity of this effect using a Ramsey atom interferometer with a two-photon Raman transition [10,11], and succeeded in measuring the phase shift due to the weak second-order Zeeman effect using the scalar Aharonov–Bohm phase [12]
The strength of the magnetic field was the same at the first and second interaction times when atoms were excited by the electromagnetic field, and it was changed by a fixed amount during the interrogation time
Summary
The Ramsey resonance excited by two separated electromagnetic fields—originally described by Ramsey [1] and understood as a kind of atom interferometer [2,3]—is used as a powerful tool for high-resolution laser spectroscopy [4] and high-precision measurement in fundamental physics [5] This method has contributed to realizing the present primary time and frequency standards [6], where an atom in a superposition of two states exists in a zone during the interrogation time between two pulses, which is used to improve the spectral resolution to an ultimate value.
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