Scalable preparation of porous nano‑silicon/TiN@carbon anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A novel porous nano‑silicon/TiN@carbon anode with superior cycling stability and long-term durability has been proposed by the facile strategy of mechanical ball-milling/low-temperature calcination. This porous architecture can contain enough void spaces to stabilize the severe volume expansion, and provide sufficient migration channels for lithium ions. Meanwhile, the TiN sheets can efficiently facilitate the charge transfer and mitigate the massive silicon swelling. This anode develops the enhanced lithium storage capability with 1614.6 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 for 110 cycles, and achieves better long-cycling life with 852.8 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 800 cycles. Furthermore, the anode can also grab a good wide-temperature performance from 5 to 50 °C.