Abstract
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are highly promising for integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems due to their exciton-driven linear and nonlinear interactions with light. Integrating them into optical fibers yields novel opportunities in optical communication, remote sensing, and all-fiber optoelectronics. However, the scalable and reproducible deposition of high-quality monolayers on optical fibers is a challenge. Here, the chemical vapor deposition of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 crystals on the core of microstructured exposed-core optical fibers and their interaction with the fibers' guided modes are reported. Two distinct application possibilities of 2D-functionalized waveguides to exemplify their potential are demonstrated. First, the excitonic 2D material photoluminescence is simultaneously excited and collected with the fiber modes, opening a novel route to remote sensing. Then it is shown that third-harmonic generation is modified by the highly localized nonlinear polarization of the monolayers, yielding a new avenue to tailor nonlinear optical processes in fibers. It is anticipated that the results may lead to significant advances in optical-fiber-based technologies.
Highlights
Note that we have ignored the added contribution of the broadband nature of the excitation pulse to the PM-bandwidth as it is small, if compared to the value coming from the phase-matching length
Because of this mismatch of laser wavelength and PM band, any Third harmonic generation (THG) must be precipitated by a spectral broadening of the FW into this band, via nonlinear processes, which explains the higher than cubic power scaling of the THG process displayed in the inset of MoS2 coated Fig. Supp. 8 (a)
We measure the energy in the Third harmonic generation (THG) generation sub band of the FW and compare these values between MoS2 coated and bare ECFs. The corresponding ratio εFW is calculated as εFW = ∫11662800nnmm EBare(λ)dλ/∫11662800nnmm EMoS2 (λ)dλ
Summary
We have shown that high quality crystalline monolayer TMDs, e.g. MoS2 and WS2, can be grown directly on the core of microstructured exposed core fibers in a scalable CVD process. This process functionalizes the optical fibers, creating a new platform to investigate and utilize the electrooptic properties of 2D TMDs. Excitonic and nonlinear functionalization is demonstrated in two case studies. We have demonstrated that 2D materials modify nonlinear optical processes intricately by investigating the enhancement of third harmonic generation, which is found to be highly mode selective This may will enhance the design freedom for highly nonlinear guided wave systems and may be utilized in nonlinear fiber devices.
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