Scalable fabrication of lightweight carbon nanotube aerogel composites for full X-band electromagnetic wave absorption

Abstract

Electromagnetic waves (EMWs) from advanced electronic devices can hinder normal operation of other electronic equipment, negatively affecting their performance and cause harmful impacts on human health by breaking down DNA strands and causing cancer. In this study, we thrivingly prepared new lightweight EMW absorbing aerogel composites by first blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), carbon nanotube (CNT), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbonyl iron (CI), followed by freeze-drying. The materials are promising for up-scale production with the current pilot-scale samples sizing 35 cm × 35 cm. The effects of CNT types, CNT, rGO, CI, and crosslinker contents on EMW absorption ability are comprehensively investigated. The obtained aerogel composites exhibit a 3D porous structure with low densities (0.088–0.210 g/cm3), high thermal stability (227 °C), and high Young's modulus (670.9 kPa) compared to past aerogels. Notably, the materials with 3.0–3.5 mm in thickness achieve the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of up to −42 dB (99.99 % EMW energy lost) and provide coverage across the entire X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) with RL < −10 dB, indicating a 90 % attenuation of EMW energy. Compared to commercial Ni/CNT and other existing composites, our materials boast a broader effective bandwidth of 1.2–2.2 GHz. These properties make our aerogel composites highly promising for valuable commercial use, offering lightweight, durable, and efficient EMW absorption capabilities.