Abstract
Developing efficient and low-cost materials and technologies for the radioactive pertechnetate anion (99TcO4−) removal from contaminated groundwater is highly desired but remains a challenge. Herein, hypercrosslinked imidazole cationic polymers (HIPs), HIPs-1 and HIPs-2, were prepared. Benefiting from high density imidazole cationic groups, HIPs-2 exhibited rapid removal kinetics (with ∼100 % removal efficiency within 30 s) and considerable adsorption capacity (632.5 mg/g) in perrhenate anion (ReO4−, nonradioactive surrogate of 99TcO4−) spiked aqueous solution. HIPs-2 also showed excellent capture for ReO4− in groundwater (with dynamic adsorption capacities of 136.4 mg/g in ReO4−-spiked groundwater). Theoretical calculation revealed the adsorption mechanism of ion exchange. Encouraged by the excellent adsorption properties, HIPs-2 were fabricated into membranes M-HIPs-2/PAN using electrospinning. Dynamic adsorption experiments showed that ∼0.0934 g M-HIPs-2/PAN could continuously purify 1110 mL of ∼5.66 ppm ReO4−-spiked tap water to 0 ppm, with dynamic adsorption capacity of 87.3 mg/g. And still the dynamic adsorption capacity was 32.4 mg/g in ReO4−-spiked groundwater. M-HIPs-2/PAN exhibited satisfactory cycling stability, removing more than 97.5 % of the ReO4− after six cycles. More importantly, M-HIPs-2/PAN, derived from inexpensive raw materials with simple synthesis process, provides an efficient and economical approach for the large-scale treatment of groundwater contaminated with 99TcO4−.
Published Version
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