Scalable fabrication for efficient quasi two-dimensional perovskite solar cells via ultrasonic spray-coating method

Abstract

The ultrasonic spray-coating process (USCP) has been proved to be desirable to fabricate the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at high volume, especially for the three-dimensional perovskites. In this work, we extend this technique to the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) PSCs due to a series of advantages of 2D PSCs, including long-term stability and excellent electrical properties. we apply this high-throughput deposition technology with an ultrasonic spray-coating system for forming the 2D perovskite which provides more possibility for the lab-to-fab translation. Due to the difference of crystal structure between 2D and 3D perovskites, the process of film formation is diverse which requires extra optimization to produce 2D perovskites in large scale. By comparing the perovskite quality deposited with different film deposition methods, we find layer-by-layer deposition method can provide a better film quality and more controllable film formation process. Hence, with this deposition method, we use USCP to realize an efficient batch production, obtaining an optimized power conversion efficiency of 10.5%, which is slightly lower than that (12.2%) of spin-coating processed samples. Moreover, devices based on USCP exhibit comparable long-term stability with the spin-coated devices. This report provides a promising alternative for the producing the 2D perovskite devices with high-throughput way.