Abstract
The realization of a scalable quantum information processor has emerged over the past decade as one of the central challenges at the interface of fundamental science and engineering. Here we propose and analyse an architecture for a scalable, solid-state quantum information processor capable of operating at room temperature. Our approach is based on recent experimental advances involving nitrogen-vacancy colour centres in diamond. In particular, we demonstrate that the multiple challenges associated with operation at ambient temperature, individual addressing at the nanoscale, strong qubit coupling, robustness against disorder and low decoherence rates can be simultaneously achieved under realistic, experimentally relevant conditions. The architecture uses a novel approach to quantum information transfer and includes a hierarchy of control at successive length scales. Moreover, it alleviates the stringent constraints currently limiting the realization of scalable quantum processors and will provide fundamental insights into the physics of non-equilibrium many-body quantum systems.
Highlights
The realization of a scalable quantum information processor has emerged over the past decade as one of the central challenges at the interface of fundamental science and engineering
In principle, a perfect array of NV centres would enable scalable quantum information processing, in practice, the finite creation efficiency of such centres, along with the requirements for parallelism, necessitate the coupling of registers separated by significantly larger distances
The electronic spin of each register remains in the 0 e smtaicter,owunavleess(McoWhe)rpenutllsye,taras nsshfoewrrnedintoFitgh.e1a110e–s1t3a. tTehbeyNaVrensuocnlaenart spin associated with nitrogen atoms (I = 1/2 for 15N) possesses an extremely long coherence time (13C nuclear spins could in principle be utilized) and will serve as the memory qubit in our system[24,25]; manipulation of the nuclear spin is accomplished with radio frequency (RF) pulses[26]
Summary
The realization of a scalable quantum information processor has emerged over the past decade as one of the central challenges at the interface of fundamental science and engineering. Such requirements, designed to isolate the qubit from external noise, often represent major experimental hurdles and may eventually limit the potential technological impact of a quantum information processor For these reasons, developing a realistic framework for a feasible solid-state quantum processor capable of operating at room temperature is of both fundamental and practical importance. Recent advances involving the quantum manipulation of NV defects have allowed researchers to achieve sub-diffraction limited resolution, single-shot read-out, and dipole-coupling-mediated entanglement between neighbouring NV electronic spins[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18] Despite such substantial developments, it remains unclear whether these individual pieces, each of which invariably require a unique set of experimental conditions, can be seamlessly unified into a scalable room-temperature architecture[19]. We demonstrate the possibility of high-fidelity remote coupling gates, whose error rates fall below the threshold for quantum error correction in a two-dimensional (2D) surface code[23]
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