Scaffold Materials Based on Fluorocarbon Composites Modified with RF Magnetron Sputtering

Abstract

A bone is a remarkable organ, which plays the key role in performing of such critical functions in human physiology, as protection, movement and support of other organs, blood production, accumulation and homeostasis of minerals, regulation of blood pH, and location of many cells – progenitors (mesenchimal and hemopoetic). The importance of a bone becomes clear in the case of such diseases, as osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoarthritis, osteomielitis and osteoporosis when a bone is not functioned by proper way. These diseases together with traumatic injuries, orthopaedic operations (total joint replacement, spine arthrodesis, implant fixation and other) and the first tumor resection lead to formation of bone defects. Clinical and economical aspects, accompanying treatment of bone defects are bemusing (Porter et al., 2009). For example, quantity of total joint arthroplastics (TJA) and revision operation only in USA increased from 700 000 in 1998 up to over 1.1 million in 2005 (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Web Site). According to estimations of specialists medical expenses connected with fractures, reimplantations, and replacement of hip and knee joints to 2003 exceeded $ 20 billions and to 2015 will exceed $ 74 billions (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Web Site; Kurtz et al., 2007). Traumatic bone fracture caused about 8.5 million doctor’s appointments and led to about 1 million hospitalizing (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Web Site). Also, in 2005 there were performed more than 3000 pediatric hospitalizations connected with cancer with cost more than $ 70 million (US Department of Health and Human Services, Web Site). In the cases of non-union or defects of critic sizes it is necessary to use replacing materials for filling of bone defects. Actual gold standard of treatment of bone defects of critical sizes is transplantation of autogenous bone. At such treatment the host bone is removed from other part (usually from pelvis or ilium crest) and used to fill the defect. However, complication rates at transplantation of autogenous bone exceeds 30 % and can include morbidness of a donor site, pain, parestesie, long hospitalization and rehabilitation, higher danger of depth infection, heamatoma, inflammation and limited legal capacity (Silber et al., 2003). Other rational version for patients and surgeons is use of bone tissue of other people (usually cadavers) named allograft which can be obtained both from viable and sterilized nonviable sources. During last years many orthopaedic procedures connected with use of allografts have been performed in various countries. Success of autograft and allograft